Rinse the lentils under cold water and drain them.
In a medium-sized saucepan, combine the lentils and vegetable broth. Bring to a boil, then reduce the heat to low, cover, and simmer for about 25-30 minutes or until the lentils are tender and most of the liquid is absorbed. Drain any excess liquid.
In a large skillet, heat some olive oil over medium heat. Add the chopped onion, garlic, carrot, celery, and red bell pepper. Sauté for about 5-7 minutes, or until the vegetables are softened.
Add the cooked lentils to the skillet and mix well. Stir in the dried oregano, basil, thyme, salt, and black pepper. Cook for an additional 2-3 minutes to blend the flavors.
Remove the skillet from heat and let the mixture cool for a few minutes.
Transfer the lentil mixture to a food processor. Add breadcrumbs and Parmesan cheese (if using). Pulse until the mixture comes together, but don't overprocess; you want some texture.
Shape the mixture into meatballs using your hands. You should get around 20-24 small meatballs.
Heat some olive oil in a large frying pan over medium heat. Fry the lentil meatballs until they are golden brown on all sides, turning them carefully. This should take about 5-7 minutes.